Hyl succinimidyl carbonate 1-O-Benzotriazole-N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-uromium-hexafluoro-phosphate Hydrochloric acid Histidine 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole High-performance liquid chromatography Higher resolution mass spectra Leucine Lithium hydroxide Methanol Magnesium sulfate Methyltrityl Mass-to-charge ratio Sodium bicarbonateNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptDIPEA DMF ESI EtOAc F2Pmp Fmoc Fmoc-OSu HBTU HCl His HOBt HPLC HRMS Leu LiOH MeOH MgSO4 Mtt m/z NaHCO3 NMP NMR PBD Pd PLE Plk1 Pmab POM POMI PPIs pSer pThr pTyr Ser SPPSN-Methyl-2-pyrrolidoneNuclear magnetic resonance polo box domain Palladium on carbon Porcine liver esterase Polo-like kinase 1 (2S,3R)-2-Amino-3-methyl-4-phosphonobutyric Acid Pivaloyloxymethyl Pivaloyloxymethyl iodide Protein-protein interactions Phosphoserine Phosphothreonine Phosphotyrosine Serine Solid-phase peptide synthesisAmino Acids. Author manuscript; out there in PMC 2014 November 01.Qian and BurkePagetHalf life Trifluoroacetic acid Tetrahydrofuran Thin layer chromatography Trimethylsilane TritylNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptTFA THF TLC TMS Trt
Investigation COMMUNICATIONSubnuclear partitioning of rRNA genes in between the nucleolus and nucleoplasm reflects alternative epiallelic statesFrederic Pontvianne,1,two,9,12 Todd Blevins,1,two,3,8 Chinmayi Chandrasekhara,1,2,8 Iva Mozgova,4,8,10 Christiane Hassel,5 Olga M.F. Pontes,6 Sarah Tucker,7,11 Petr Mokros,four Veronika Muchova four Jiri Fajkus,four and Craig S. Pikaard1,2,three,1 Department of Biology, 2Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA; 3Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA; 4CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technologies and Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic; 5Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA; 6 Division of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA; 7Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University, St.Aloin Louis, Missouri 63130, USAEukaryotes can have a huge number of 45S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, quite a few of which are silenced during improvement. Applying fluorescence-activated sorting procedures, we show that active rRNA genes in Arabidopsis thaliana are present within sorted nucleoli, whereas silenced rRNA genes are excluded.Naloxone (hydrochloride) DNA methyltransferase (met1), histone deacetylase (hda6), or chromatin assembly (caf1) mutants that disrupt silencing abrogate this nucleoplasmic ucleolar partitioning.PMID:25027343 Bisulfite sequencing data indicate that active nucleolar rRNA genes are almost completely demethylated at promoter CGs, whereas silenced genes are almost completely methylated. Collectively, the data reveal that rRNA genes occupy distinct but changeable nuclear territories in line with their epigenetic state.Supplemental material is available for this article. Received May well 9, 2013; revised version accepted June 14, 2013.Fig. 1A). Their transcripts, generated by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) in the nucleolus, are processed into the 18S, 5.8S, and 25-28S (according to species) catalytic RNAs of ribosomes (Moss et al. 2007; Kressler et al. 2010; Hannan et al. 2013). The amount of active 45S rRNA genes modifications with the physiological wants with the cell (McStay and Grummt 2008; Tucker et al. 2010). As an illustration, Arabidopsis thaliana has ;1500 rRNA genes per diploid genome (Copenhaver et al. 1995.