l target–NS3 protease (Gonzalez et al. 2009;Curcuma longa L. (Haridra)C. longa is amongst the most usually utilised drug in Nav1.8 list Ayurveda, a common spice (Thimmulappa et al. 2021) and colouring agent (Ou et al. 2013). Curcumin, one of several major active principle of C. longa (Li et al. 2019), is reported to inhibit NF-B activation post exposure of various inflammatory stimuli in 117 randomized handle trials. There was a significant reduction in TNF-, IL-6, TGF- and MCP-1 following curcumin supplementation (Panahi et al. 2016). Curcumin inhibits mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 synthesis/signaling and NF-kB (IL-2 promoter transcription issue) activation (Ranjan et al. 2004). On top of that, the macrophage phagocytic activity is also enhanced by curcumin (Antony et al. 1999). A study exhibited that nanoparticulate curcumin stimulated higher early cell-mediated and humoral immune response with related outcomes in secondary humoral antibody titres.Environ Sci Pollut Res (2021) 28:55925Shirole et al. 2015). Further, within a study, ethyl acetate extract of fruits of E. ribes has shown very promising antiviral activity against influenza virus A/34 (H1N1), with an IC50 of 0.two g/ mL; also, the study revealed that embelin was most successful when added at early stages in the viral life cycle (0 h postinfection), as well as, it was located efficient against avian influenza virus A/84 (H5N2) (Bachmetov et al. 2012). A study has reported that pre-treatment with embelin (five, 10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased lung oedema, mononucleated cellular infiltration, nitrate/nitrite, total protein, albumin concentrations, TNF- within the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and myeloperoxidase activity in lung homogenate. Embelin markedly prevented pO2 down-regulation and pCO2 augmentation. Additionally, it attenuated lung histopathological alterations in acute respiratory distress syndrome model, hence exhibiting lung defending property and anti-inflammatory activity in lung cell. therefore might be a promising herb in stopping lung harm like complications in COVID-19 (Hossan et al. 2018). A recent computational study reports the function of embelin to inhibit the Traditional Cytotoxic Agents manufacturer SARS-CoV-2 Mpro protease a lot more particularly as a result of formation of a covalent bond involving S (Cys145) and an embelin C (carbonyl). This is further assisted by two protein amino acids N (imidazole-His41) that are able to capture H[S(Cys145)] and HN(His163), which donate a proton to embelin O(carbonyl) forming an OH moiety. This results in inhibition from the viral protease (Caruso et al. 2020). Ayurvedic literature primarily counts the fruits of E. ribes for its effect as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and treatment for abdominal issues and lung fungus infections (Dwivedi et al. 2019). This drug has been reported for the treatment of influenza in 1919 (Menon 1919). Respiratory distress is amongst the key symptoms discovered throughout the second surge of SARS-CoV-2 in India. E. ribes also possesses anti-inflammatory and protective impact against LPS-induced airway inflammation by reducing nitrosative tension, physiological parameters of blood gas adjust, TNF and mononucleated cellular infiltration, indicating it as a possible therapeutic agent for acute respiratory distress syndrome (Shirole et al. 2015). The drug may be repurposed for the respiratory distress happening in SARS-CoV-2. Potassium embelate, two,5-dihydroxy, 3-undecyl-1, 4-benzoquinone, derived from E. ribes was tested for subacute, chron