Or RNA production between Tox 53 and SB 271046 manufacturer Non-tox 17. The expected 0.085 4.206 0.980 proportion of Tox 53 biomass in co-culture was according to mono-cultures and calculated as: Non-tox 17 a 16.7 five.107 0.082 0.016 d 16.9 5.819 b 16.six five.047 0.084 14.7 5.075 p53 biomass = (Tox 53 biomass (mg)) total biomass (Tox 530.016 (mg) e biomass Non-tox 17 biomass (mg)) c 18 5.358 0.090 0.017 f 14.two 5.040 Co-culture a 29.six 8.267 0.299 0.035 d 14.0 four.891 b 12.five 3.902 0.127 0.032 e 15.1 five.220 c 11.3 3.510 0.120 0.033 f 29.1 9.1 2 2.three.1.RNA was sequenced from three independent replicates of Tox 53, Non-tox 17 mono and co-cultures. RNA was sequenced from distinct cultures at 30 and 72 h. two Total millions (M)-of 150 bp paired-end reads from Illumina RNA sequencing. 3 Millions (M) of reads uniquely Table two. Total sequence polymorphisms (SNPs) between Tox 53 and Non-tox 17. 4 Millions (M) 53 or Non-tox aligned to Non-tox 17 according to single-nucleotidereads (M) and reads (M) uniquely aligned to Toxof reads uniquely aligned to Tox 53 depending on single-nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs amongst Tox 53 and Non-tox 17. 5 Proportion of reads that uniquely align to Tox 53 vs. Non-tox 17.17.Tox 2.98 five.48 four.81 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.14 0.18 0.numerous contingency tables) BI-0115 Inhibitor compared the observed proportion of aligned to Tox 53 in co-culture towards the anticipated proportion primarily based o Toxins 2021, 13, 794 of 21 RNA (Figure two). There was a substantial interaction between5 the pro determined by reads, biomass, total RNA and 30 or 72 h time points was an biomass that assumed than 0.0001). At 30 h,Total biomassinfluenceestimate of co-cultures’significantly lessTox 53 or wou 3 from the reads were not totalExpected proportion of Tox 53 was Non-tox 17 do not the growth of either isolate. on the growth also calculated employing RNA at 72 mycelium). Multicategorical data analysis (i.e., several rea of Tox 53, but ( /mg h there were considerably fewer contingency tables) compared the observed proportion of reads that uniquely aligned to than would beTox 53 in co-culturebased onproportionbiomass53and RNA (Figure 2). anticipated to the anticipated each according to Tox biomass or RNA productio There was a significant interaction among the proportion of Tox 53 as determined by dicated that co-culturing Toxand 30with time points (F4,2217 decreased both RN reads, biomass, total RNA 53 or 72 h Non-tox = 9288, p-value 0.0001). At growth of Tox30 h, 3 ofofTox 53, but at 72 h there had been considerably fewer readsexpectedto Tox 53 than primary 53. the reads were not significantly much less than will be aligned determined by the growthGrowth medium was buffered with citrate to could be anticipated primarily based and stay clear of acidification fromon both biomass and RNA production (Figure two). This growth of fungal growth which reducesindicated aflatoxin that co-culturing Tox 53 with Non-tox 17 decreased both RNA transcription and Tox 53. Growth the decreased Tox 53 retain pH four [39,40,43] and prevent gal development, suggesting medium was buffered with citrate togrowth and fungal development, transcription acidification from fungal growth which reduces aflatoxin production and unlikely solelysuggesting the decreased Tox 53 growth and transcription for the duration of co-culture is unlikely solely from acidification by Non-tox 17.from acidification by Non-tox 17.Figure two. Proportion of RNA sequence reads uniquely aligned to A. flavus Tox 53 and Non-tox 17 in co-culture vs. theexpected proportions based on biomass RNA sequence reads uniquely had been compared using Figure two. Proportion ofand R.