D David (HOM strain) (Tables ).Based on the virulence levels observed
D David (HOM strain) (Tables ).Depending on the virulence levels observed in Round and Round , we chose H.indica (HOM), S.carpocapsae (Sal), S.feltiae (SN), S.kraussei and S.riobrave for additional study in Round .In Round , at d posttreatment, S.feltiae (SN) was the only therapy that brought on a reduction in C.E4CPG web nenuphar survival relative for the control at C, and S.feltiae (SN) and S.riobrave had been the only therapies that caused decrease C.nenuphar survival than the manage at C (no variations were detected at C) (Table ; Fig).At d posttreatment (in Round) S.feltiae (SN) was the only remedy that lowered C.nenuphar survival compared together with the control at C and C (Table ; Fig).At C all therapies caused decrease C.nenuphar survival than the control and no differences were detected among the nematode strains and species (Table ; PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21317800 Fig).Assessment of nematode virulence inside the WV (clay loam) soil Differences in virulence were detected in the WV soil at all three temperatures (Tables ; Figs.).In Journal of Nematology, Volume , Nos September ecember one particular case C.nenuphar survival (at d posttreatment) was larger at C than at C, i.e in the S.riobrave (TP) therapy Round WV soil.DISCUSSION Substantial variations in virulence to C.nenuphar larvae were observed among nematode species.Equivalent to our study, diverse virulence responses happen to be observed among nematode species and strains in laboratory screening research targeting other weevil species which include the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F), (Mannion and Jansson,), Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L), (Shapiro and McCoy,), plus the guava weevil, Conotrachelus psidii Marshall, (Dolinski et al).Our results indicated that S.feltiae (SN), S.riobrave and S.rarum (C E) possess specifically higher levels of virulence for the reason that these nematodes distinguished themselves relative to other nematodes in a quantity of comparisons like Round (the “best candidate” assay).These findings are in corroboration with those of ShapiroIlan et al. in that S.feltiae (SN), S.riobrave also exhibited superior laboratory virulence to C nenuphar larvae inside the prior study (S.rarum was not tested inside the earlier study).On the other hand, in contrast to the benefits of ShapiroIlan et al numerous species exhibited pathogenicity within the present but not the former, i.e H.bacteriophora, H.megidis, and S.carpocapsae; the discrepancy is likely as a consequence of the exposure period in the former study being restricted to d (the species were also not pathogenic at d posttreatment within the present study).The present study expands substantially on previous laboratory screenings for C.nenuphar virulence.Our study incorporated 4 previously untested nematode species (H.indica, H.georgiana, S.kraussei, and S.rarum) at the same time as numerous previously untested strains, e.g H.bacteriophora (Oswego and Vs strains), S.riobrave ( and TP strains), and S.carpocapsae (Sal strain).Along with S.rarum (C E), a variety of the other previously untested nematodes exhibited promising levels of virulence and might warrant additional study including H.indica (HOM strain), H.bacteriophora (Oswego strain), S.kraussei, and S.carpocapsae (Sal strain).Temperature impacted nematode virulence to C.nenuphar larvae.In the assays that contained independent primary effects (and allowed for statistical evaluation of temperature across therapies), C.nenuphar survival decreased as temperature increased.Additionally, when temperature effects had been analyzed by treatment C.nenuphar survival w.