T given. Bonferroni post hoc tests revealed that children who had
T offered. Bonferroni post hoc tests revealed that children who had received three gummy bears had a lot more gummy bears right after givingtaking than individuals who had received 5 and people that had received five had a lot more than people who had received seven (both ps 0.00, twotailed). Moreover, there was a primary impact of act type that suggests that kids general kept fewer gummy bears for themselvesand so shared additional with Lolawhen Lola had previously offered gummy bears to them instead of taken gummy bears from them (see Fig ). There was neither a main effect of age nor were there any interactions. In addition, we investigated irrespective of whether the children’s reciprocal ABT-239 cost behavior differed from how the puppet had treated them. Only important variations are reported: Within the give 3 situation, fiveyearolds kept significantly less than seven gummy bears following giving towards the puppet (M 6.three, t 2.39, p 0.036, d 0.980, twotailed); in the take 3 condition they took significantly more than three (namely, M five. gummy bears, t 3.44, p 0.006, d .404, twotailed). Hence, in each of those conditions, fiveyearolds showed a competing tendency towards equal distributions that threeyearolds didn’t show. We also examined irrespective of whether the reciprocal behavior of the young children changed over the course of your game. Because the three and fiveyearolds differed in the amount of rounds they played (5 and 4 rounds, respectively), we analyzed both age groups separately using a repeated measures ANOVA with round as the withinsubjects element, and act variety (providing or taking) and quantity received (three, 5 or 7 gummy bears) as betweensubject components. Sphericity was not provided for either age group (threeyearolds: Mauchly W 0.462, two(9) 49.70, p 0.00; fiveyearolds: Mauchly W 0.678, 2(five) 25.87, p 0.00), so GreenhouseGeisser corrected values are reported. For the threeyearolds, there was a considerable impact of round, F(2.870, 89.45) three.095, p 0.030, two 0.045, and an interaction involving round and act variety, F(2.870, 89.45)PLOS 1 DOI:0.37journal.pone.047539 January 25,4 Preschoolers Reciprocate According to Social IntentionsFig . Overview on the three different games. The figure shows the mean amounts of gummy bears inside the children’s possession after giving and right after taking for three and fiveyearolds combined in all six circumstances as defined PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24754407 by the act kind (providing: black bars; taking: grey bars) and the volume of gummy bears youngsters had received from the puppet. doi:0.37journal.pone.047539.g 20.495, p 0.00, 2 0.237. The level of gummy bears kids had left right after providing decreased, which suggests that they gave much more more than the course from the game. The amounts of gummy bears taken increased too, which suggests that young children within the taking conditions became a lot more selfish. In this analysis, the only important betweensubject aspect was amount received, F(2, 66) 7.55, p 0.00, two 0.342 (see above). For the fiveyearolds, there was a considerable effect of round, F(two.386, 57.459) five.036, p 0.005, two 0.07, as well as an interaction involving round and act kind, F(two.386, 57.459) 5.607, p 0.003, two 0.078; the amounts provided general stayed rather constant, the quantity taken enhanced. Within this age group, each betweensubject factors were important (quantity received: F(two, 66) 20.980, p 0.00, two 0.389; act variety: F(, 66) .869, p 0.00, two 0.52; see above). Fig 2 provides an overview on the changes in sharing behavior for both age groups.The present study made two new findings. 1st, young children had been affected by the numb.