S Mundus program by the European Commission. Initially track,and later tracks provided joint degree awards though institutions from the other tracks presented double degree awards. The institutions worked closely with each other to align the study applications,to safe suitable handover of students from a single institution towards the subsequent institution and to fulfill each of the administrative requirements to give the double or joint degrees. Discussions and decisions concerning the Erasmus PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855780 Mundus program had been generally reported inside the GA. Because of the double and joint degree programs the participating institutions developed joint choice criteria for the scholarships. Except for the administrative concerns the double and joint degree programs did not have implications for the high-quality MedChemExpress PRIMA-1 assurance of the network as a entire. Due to the fact the network had an elaborate top quality assurance system the tropEd Erasmus Mundus consortium was conveniently formed together with the institutions that decide to join. . Accreditation agencies Literature The literature poses a range of challenges relating to recognition of greater education institutions and courses across borders. The speedy improve of HE institutions that are not accredited in their property nation,nor inside the nation in which they provide their crossborder education,leads to inquiries concerning the capability and credibility of national and international accreditation agencies . Concerns about the high-quality,consistency and relevance of accreditation are reflected internationally. Gu argues that in China there is insufficient knowledge and practical experience in quality assurance of transnational education,as most existing systems of quality assurance and accreditation focus on the regional greater educationTable Nr of courses reviewed and outcome in the tropEd network from Nr of advanced modules per year outcome Total sophisticated modules Total reviewed Accepted at after ( Resubmission with minor adjustments ( Resubmission with important adjustments ( Rejected (Supply: minutes from the tropEd General Assembly meeting from: .Zwanikken et al. BMC Health-related Education ,: biomedcentralPage ofsystem . The case of Malaysia,an export hub of HE,demonstrates the challenge of having national accreditation accepted internationally . A case study of Kenya revealed that one foreign provider was locally accredited,yet other crossborder providers or education supplied were not accredited via their property nation nor geared towards the desires with the country . Knight warns of accreditation mills within the context of crossborder education. In Taiwan the discussion centers around the excellent and national accreditation of international accreditation agencies,plus the more administrative burden . Together with the emerging trend of institutions looking for accreditation internationally,escalating administrative burdens as well as possibly conflicts could arise as a result of unique specifications by the different agencies,thereby decreasing efficiency . A range of regional and global responses and frameworks have attempted to address such challenges. In the Caribbean,the withdrawal from the British accreditation and a speedy increase of foreign providers of HE,led towards the Caribbean Neighborhood and Popular Market (CARICOM) establishing a regional mechanism for accreditation,to guide governments in developing national mechanisms . In Latin America,six countries joined forces in MERCOSUR to recognize each other’s accreditation for particular degrees,offered auditors from other nations had collaborated within the accreditation . Hau.