Ison, WI). One ml of each reverse Autophagy transcriptase reaction was used as a template in a PCR reaction containing the following specific primer pairs: Cyclophilin (at2g36130) AGTCCGCCGGAGGTTACGCT (as normalizer) and TGGATCGGCCTGTCGGTGTT and for EHD1 GGGGATCCATGGAGATCGAATCCGTCGC and CTGCTTGAACTGCTACTGTG. To monitor the expression of EHD1 forms in the transgenic plants a 4ul aliquot of each reverse transcriptase reaction was used as template in a PCR reaction containing the following primers EHD1-DCC(2) FOR (TTTGGAAAGGTACAAAGAG) and GFP REV (GGGCCAGGGCACGGGCAGCTT). The amplified fragment was 370 bp long. Quantification of the resultant PCR reactions was performed using 12926553 ImageJ software.and EHD2 knock-down seedlings. 7?0 day old transgenic seedlings were floated on a 200 mM NaCl solution for 60 minutes or a 
50 mM BFA solution for 30 minutes, both supplemented with 5 mM Fm-4-64, and then washed. Root sections were visualized under a laser-scanning confocal microscope. Scale bar = 10 mm. (TIF)Epigenetic Reader Domain Figure S3 Expression of EHD1 forms in transgenicArabidopsis plants. cDNA was prepared from 5? day old transgenic seedlings as indicated. The presence of the GFP tagged EHD1/DEH/DCC cDNA was confirmed by PCR. (TIF)AcknowledgmentsWe thank Prof. N. Geldner for providing the Arabidopsis wave lines and wave markers.ROS quantificationROS were quantified as described in [47]. Roots of 1 week old Arabiopsis seedlings were floated on a 200 mM NaCl solution for 2 hours, then washed and stained with AmplexH Red (Invitrogen).Epigenetic Reader Domain Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: MB AA. Performed the experiments: MB ML SS HP. Analyzed the data: MB AA. Wrote the paper: MB AA.
The Lactobacillus acidophilus group was recognized early as the most prevalent inhabitant of the vaginal microbiota [1,2] and also as the pioneer bacteria in the developing intestinal microbiota of neonates [3]. Various strains and species of the acidophilus group are marketed as functional ingredients in probiotic products, associated with health benefits for the consumer. Therefore, understanding of the physiology of members of this group of lactic acid bacteria is of importance both from a medical and an economical point of view. One of the probiotics belonging to this group is Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533, whose genome sequence was published in 2004 [4]. Its probiotic functionalities have been explored in detail, including immuno-modulation [5?] and pathogen inhibition [8]. Additionally, its ability to adhere to the epithelial cell was explored [9,10]. Analogous to many other members of the acidophilus group, L. johnsonii can be considered as a highly auxotrophic species lacking the operons for a range of biosynthetic pathways. The genome of 
L. johnsonii NCC 533 lacks genes for 15755315 the synthesis of vitamins,purines, fatty acids and all amino acids (except for the interconversion of L-asparagine and L-aspartate and the interconversion of L-glutamate to L-glutamine) [4,11]. As a consequence, L. johnsonii has fastidious growth requirements. Noteworthy in the context of applicability, the organism does not grow autonomously on milk [12]. In addition to the above-mentioned auxotrophies, and analogous to many other closely related species, L. johnsonii may require a source of acetate for growth. C2-compounds are required in many anabolic reactions and acetate-mediated stimulation of growth has been reported for lactic acid bacteria that Autophagy exhibit a predominant homolactic metabolism on hexose sugars, su.Ison, WI). One ml of each reverse transcriptase reaction was used as a template in a PCR reaction containing the following specific primer pairs: Cyclophilin (at2g36130) AGTCCGCCGGAGGTTACGCT (as normalizer) and TGGATCGGCCTGTCGGTGTT and for EHD1 GGGGATCCATGGAGATCGAATCCGTCGC and CTGCTTGAACTGCTACTGTG. To monitor the expression of EHD1 forms in the transgenic plants a 4ul aliquot of each reverse transcriptase reaction was used as template in a PCR reaction containing the following primers EHD1-DCC(2) FOR 
(TTTGGAAAGGTACAAAGAG) and GFP REV (GGGCCAGGGCACGGGCAGCTT). The amplified fragment was 370 bp long. Quantification of the resultant PCR reactions was performed using 12926553 ImageJ software.and EHD2 knock-down seedlings. 7?0 day old transgenic seedlings were floated on a 200 mM NaCl solution for 60 minutes or a 50 mM BFA solution for 30 minutes, both supplemented with 5 mM Fm-4-64, and then washed. Root sections were visualized under a laser-scanning confocal microscope. Scale bar = 10 mm. (TIF)Figure S3 Expression of EHD1 forms in transgenicArabidopsis plants. cDNA was prepared from 5? day old transgenic seedlings as indicated. The presence of the GFP tagged EHD1/DEH/DCC cDNA was confirmed by PCR. (TIF)AcknowledgmentsWe thank Prof. N. Geldner for providing the Arabidopsis wave lines and wave markers.ROS quantificationROS were quantified as described in [47]. Roots of 1 week old Arabiopsis seedlings were floated on a 200 mM NaCl solution for 2 hours, then washed and stained with AmplexH Red (Invitrogen).Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: MB AA. Performed the experiments: MB ML SS HP. Analyzed the data: MB AA. Wrote the paper: MB AA.
The Lactobacillus acidophilus group was recognized early as the most prevalent inhabitant of the vaginal microbiota [1,2] and also as the pioneer bacteria in the developing intestinal microbiota of neonates [3]. Various strains and species of the acidophilus group are marketed as functional ingredients in probiotic products, associated with health benefits for the consumer. Therefore, understanding of the physiology of members of this group of lactic acid bacteria is of importance both from a medical and an economical point of view. One of the probiotics belonging to this group is Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533, whose genome sequence was published in 2004 [4]. Its probiotic functionalities have been explored in detail, including immuno-modulation [5?] and pathogen inhibition [8]. Additionally, its ability to adhere to the epithelial cell was explored [9,10]. Analogous to many other members of the acidophilus group, L. johnsonii can be considered as a highly auxotrophic species lacking the operons for a range of biosynthetic pathways. The genome of L. johnsonii NCC 533 lacks genes for 15755315 the synthesis of vitamins,purines, fatty acids and all amino acids (except for the interconversion of L-asparagine and L-aspartate and the interconversion of L-glutamate to L-glutamine) [4,11]. As a consequence, L. johnsonii has fastidious growth requirements. Noteworthy in the context of applicability, the organism does not grow autonomously on milk [12]. In addition to the above-mentioned auxotrophies, and analogous to many other closely related species, L. johnsonii may require a source of acetate for growth. C2-compounds are required in many anabolic reactions and acetate-mediated stimulation of growth has been reported for lactic acid bacteria that exhibit a predominant homolactic metabolism on hexose sugars, su.Ison, WI). One ml of each reverse transcriptase reaction was used as a template in a PCR reaction containing the following specific primer pairs: Cyclophilin (at2g36130) AGTCCGCCGGAGGTTACGCT (as normalizer) and TGGATCGGCCTGTCGGTGTT and for EHD1 GGGGATCCATGGAGATCGAATCCGTCGC and CTGCTTGAACTGCTACTGTG. To monitor the expression of EHD1 forms in the transgenic plants a 4ul aliquot of each reverse transcriptase reaction was used as template in a PCR reaction containing the following primers EHD1-DCC(2) FOR (TTTGGAAAGGTACAAAGAG) and GFP REV (GGGCCAGGGCACGGGCAGCTT). The amplified fragment was 370 bp long. Quantification of the resultant PCR reactions was performed using 12926553 ImageJ software.and EHD2 knock-down seedlings. 7?0 day old transgenic seedlings were floated on a 200 mM NaCl solution for 60 minutes or a 50 mM BFA solution for 30 minutes, both supplemented with 5 mM Fm-4-64, and then washed. Root sections were visualized under a laser-scanning confocal microscope. Scale bar = 10 mm. (TIF)Figure S3 Expression of EHD1 forms in transgenicArabidopsis plants. cDNA was prepared from 5? day old transgenic seedlings as indicated. The presence of the GFP tagged EHD1/DEH/DCC cDNA was confirmed by PCR. (TIF)AcknowledgmentsWe thank Prof. N. Geldner for providing the Arabidopsis wave lines and wave markers.ROS quantificationROS were quantified as described in [47]. Roots of 1 week old Arabiopsis seedlings were floated on a 200 mM NaCl solution for 2 hours, then washed and stained with AmplexH Red (Invitrogen).Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: MB AA. Performed the experiments: MB ML SS HP. Analyzed the data: MB AA. Wrote the paper: MB AA.
The Lactobacillus acidophilus group was recognized early as the most prevalent inhabitant of the vaginal microbiota [1,2] and also as the pioneer bacteria in the developing intestinal microbiota of neonates [3]. Various strains and species of the acidophilus group are marketed as functional ingredients in probiotic products, associated with health benefits for the consumer. Therefore, understanding of the physiology of members of this group of lactic acid bacteria is of importance both from a medical and an economical point of view. One of the probiotics belonging to this group is Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533, whose genome sequence was published in 2004 [4]. Its probiotic functionalities have been explored in detail, including immuno-modulation [5?] and pathogen inhibition [8]. Additionally, its ability to adhere to the epithelial cell was explored [9,10]. Analogous to many other members of the acidophilus group, L. johnsonii can be considered as a highly auxotrophic species lacking the operons for a range of biosynthetic pathways. The genome of L. johnsonii NCC 533 lacks genes for 15755315 the synthesis of vitamins,purines, fatty acids and all amino acids (except for the interconversion of L-asparagine and L-aspartate and the interconversion of L-glutamate to L-glutamine) [4,11]. As a consequence, L. johnsonii has fastidious growth requirements. Noteworthy in the context of applicability, the organism does not grow autonomously on milk [12]. In addition to the above-mentioned auxotrophies, and analogous to many other closely related species, L. johnsonii may require a source of acetate for growth. C2-compounds are required in many anabolic reactions and acetate-mediated stimulation of growth has been reported for lactic acid bacteria that exhibit a predominant homolactic metabolism on hexose sugars, su.Ison, WI). One ml of each reverse transcriptase reaction was used as a template in a PCR reaction containing the following specific primer pairs: Cyclophilin (at2g36130) AGTCCGCCGGAGGTTACGCT (as normalizer) and TGGATCGGCCTGTCGGTGTT and for EHD1 GGGGATCCATGGAGATCGAATCCGTCGC and CTGCTTGAACTGCTACTGTG. To monitor the expression of EHD1 forms in the transgenic plants a 4ul aliquot of each reverse transcriptase reaction was used as template in a PCR reaction containing the following primers EHD1-DCC(2) FOR (TTTGGAAAGGTACAAAGAG) and GFP REV (GGGCCAGGGCACGGGCAGCTT). The amplified fragment was 370 bp long. Quantification of the resultant PCR reactions was performed using 12926553 ImageJ software.and EHD2 knock-down seedlings. 7?0 day old transgenic seedlings were floated on a 200 mM NaCl solution for 60 minutes or a 50 mM BFA solution for 30 minutes, both supplemented with 5 mM Fm-4-64, and then washed. Root sections were visualized under a laser-scanning confocal microscope. Scale bar = 10 mm. (TIF)Figure S3 Expression of EHD1 forms in transgenicArabidopsis plants. cDNA was prepared from 5? day old transgenic seedlings as indicated. The presence of the GFP tagged EHD1/DEH/DCC cDNA was confirmed by PCR. (TIF)AcknowledgmentsWe thank Prof. N. Geldner for providing the Arabidopsis wave lines and wave markers.ROS quantificationROS were quantified as described in [47]. Roots of 1 week old Arabiopsis seedlings were floated on a 200 mM NaCl solution for 2 hours, then washed and stained with AmplexH Red (Invitrogen).Author ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: MB AA. Performed the experiments: MB ML SS HP. Analyzed the data: MB AA. Wrote the paper: MB AA.
The Lactobacillus acidophilus group was recognized early as the most prevalent inhabitant of the vaginal microbiota [1,2] and also as the pioneer bacteria in the developing intestinal microbiota of neonates [3]. Various strains and species of the acidophilus group are marketed as functional ingredients in probiotic products, associated with health benefits for the consumer. Therefore, understanding of the physiology of members of this group of lactic acid bacteria is of importance both from a medical and an economical point of view. One of the probiotics belonging to this group is Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533, whose genome sequence was published in 2004 [4]. Its probiotic functionalities have been explored in detail, including immuno-modulation [5?] and pathogen inhibition [8]. Additionally, its ability to adhere to the epithelial cell was explored [9,10]. Analogous to many other members of the acidophilus group, L. johnsonii can be considered as a highly auxotrophic species lacking the operons for a range of biosynthetic pathways. The genome of L. johnsonii NCC 533 lacks genes for 15755315 the synthesis of vitamins,purines, fatty acids and all amino acids (except for the interconversion of L-asparagine and L-aspartate and the interconversion of L-glutamate to L-glutamine) [4,11]. As a consequence, L. johnsonii has fastidious growth requirements. Noteworthy in the context of applicability, the organism does not grow autonomously on milk [12]. In addition to the above-mentioned auxotrophies, and analogous to many other closely related species, L. johnsonii may require a source of acetate for growth. C2-compounds are required in many anabolic reactions and acetate-mediated stimulation of growth has been reported for lactic acid bacteria that exhibit a predominant homolactic metabolism on hexose sugars, su.